Rank 42 documents Landsat 8 — the NASA-USGS partnership spacecraft that sustained the world's longest continuous civilian Earth observation record. Launched 11 February 2013 aboard Atlas V 401 from Vandenberg, the 2,071 kg satellite operates in a 705 km sun-synchronous orbit with 16-day global revisit. Goddard built the spacecraft; USGS operates the ground system and distributes data free to the public. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) captures nine spectral bands from visible through shortwave infrared; the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) adds two thermal bands for surface temperature and water stress monitoring. Landsat 8 bridged the gap after Landsat 7's scan line corrector failure and before Landsat 9's 2021 launch, preserving agricultural, forestry, urban growth, and disaster response archives that researchers treat as irreplaceable time series. Wallimilist renders Landsat 8 with colour swath, OLI spectral chart, and decades timeline exactly as the master PNG dictates — Landsat 7 → continuity kicker, cream-navy-green palette, and curator copy on open-data Earth observation heritage.